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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet: 1.

R. JONGEWAARD.

AERIAL NAVIGATION.

No. 338,173. 'PatentedMar. 16, 1886.

7 WITNESSES r 6/ mum]; W; v BY M ATTORNEYS.

N, PETERS. PhoEn-liflmgnpher, Wzwhlnglnn. D. C.

(N0 ModSl.) R. JONGEWAARD. 5 SheetsSheet 2 AERIAL NAVIGATION.

No. 338.173. Patented Mar. 16, 1886.

- WITNESSES: INVENTQR;

ATTORNEYS.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Shet 3.

R. JONGEWAARD.

AERIAL NAVIGATION. No. 338,173. Patented Mar. 16, 1886.

INVENTOR Yy f ATTORNEYS.

(NoMddeL) 5 Sheets-811333 4,

R. JONGEWAARD.

AERIAL NAVIGATION.

No. 333,173. Patented Mar. 13 1333.-

WITNESSES 3 INVENTOR l ATTORNEYS.

5 she ets Sheet 5.

(N0 Modell) R. JONGEWAARD.

AERIAL NAVIGATION.

No. 338,173. Pa-tented Mar. 16, 1886.

mwnnssns:

QZZZC & 3 4250% ATTORNEYS.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RINGERT JONGEWAARD, OF HARRISON, DAKOTA TERRITORY.

AERIAL NAVIGATION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 338,173, dated lVIarch 16, 1(86.

Application filed Augnst15, [885. Serial No. 174,516. (No model.)

T 0 all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, RINGERT J ONGEWAARD, of Harrison, in the county of Douglas, Dakota Territory, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Aerial Navigators, of which the following is a description.

This invention relates to that class of devices which are designed to navigate the air, and one of its objects is to provide means by which to raise the machine and rider from the ground by the devices shown, including the propeller driven by the strength of the rider.

The machine, is designed to rise upon the wind by presenting the under side of an inclined plane thereto while propelling the machine slowly toward it, or to rise on still air, propelling the same more rapidly in the desired direction.

To this end myinvention consistsin the construction and combination of parts forming an aerial navigator, hereinafter described and claimed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- I Figure 1 is a perspective view of my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof. Fig. 3 1s a horizontal section and plan view below the sail. Fig. 4 is a detail view of one of the ruddervanes in side elevation. Fig. 5 is an end view of the same. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the invention. Fig. 7 is a detail view of one of the sail-controlling winches. Fig. 8 is a diagram of the steering device, and Fig; 9

shows a modification of the propeller.

A represents the frame of the machine, which may be made of any light tough material.

B is the riders seat securedto the rear brace of the frame, and supported on a standard, B, reaching to the floor O. This floor has a stiff triangular frame, which is mounted on three wheels, D, all set to travel parallel with each other on the ground.

I E is the propeller, consisting of a suitable number of wings, E, mounted spirally on a shaft, F, which is journaled to revolve in bearings G on the frame A. This shaft may be set a little rising forward, so that the effect of revolving the wings is to slightly T3156 the machine.

The propelling apparatus consists of two treadles, H, a crank-wheel, I, a bandwheel, J, on the shaft F, a twist-band connecting the wheels I and J, two guide'pulleys, I and J, for the band, and pitlnen K, connecting the treadles with the cranks on the wheel I. The drive-wheel I is many times larger than the propeller-wheel J, so that each revolution of the drive-wheel will produce many revollr tions of the propeller, wherebythe rider is enabled to give great speed to the said propeller.

J is a balance-wheel for evening the motion of the propeller.

The treadles are pivoted at their forward ends to the frame A, and each is provided with a series of holes, a, whereby the pitmen may be connected to the treadles at different distances from the pivots thereof, giving the rider more or less leverage, as may be desired; and the pitmen K are each provided with a series of holes, b, whereby the treadles may be connected high or low relatively to the seat, to suit the height of the rider. Thus the ma chine is readily adaptable to the tall, the short, the weak or strong.

L represents the sail,whicl1 is to be set as an inclined plane to raise the machine from the ground, and to preserve it at any desired This sail constitutes height when traveling. one of the principal characteristics of my invention. It consists of a sail-cloth, c, supported beneath a frame made up of cross-slats d and a hoop, c. This hoop,which gives form to the contour of the sail, may be circular, oval, or elliptical; but I prefer the elliptical form, and I think that such a sail having a conjugate aXis of twenty-four feet and a transverse axis of sixteen feet will be of proper size and proportions to support one man as a rider; but a larger size has no other objection than its weight, and it is possible that the loss by extra weight would be more than balanced by the gain in floating surface. The frame of the sail is trussed by four queen-posts, f, to which eight brace-wires or strong cords, g, and four tie wires or cords, h, are secured, the braces extending from the tops of the posts on a slant to the said frame of the sail, and the ties directly connect the tops of the posts. It is further trussed by a system of depending posts, 1', braces j, and ties k. the sail-frame may be made very stiff and yet be light. The sail-frame is hung to the machine upon a central rocking joint,which per- By this means mits it to incline a little in any direction. This joint consists of two bars, Z, attached at their ends to the sail-frame, and crossing each other at right angles through slots in the central post, M, of the frame A. The sail operates as a raft to float the rest of the machine and all its dependencies, hanging principally by the post H, and further supported by bracelines N, one end of which is attached to the sail-frame, at some distance from the center thereof, and the other ends are secured to wind upon winches O and I, which are journaled in the main frame A. The winch O is located across the machine, and acts to raise or lower the ends of" the sail, whilethe winch I is located along the machine, and acts to raise or lower the sides of the sail. One of the lines N winds over the roller of the winch, while the opposite line unwinds under the same, so that when one end or side of the sail is depressed the other end or side will be permitted to rise. Each winch may have a fixed disk, Q, notched in its edge to receive spring-detents It, which are attached to the winch-cranks, whereby the winches may be held from revolving at any point where they may be set, so that the sail will be rigidly held at any desired angle of inclination. The detent may be reached and disengaged by the thumb of the hand holding the crank, and when released it will spring into the next notch of the disk arrived at.

The proper control of the slant or incline of the sail I suppose to be the main necessity in navigating the air, always allowing that the machine is moving through the air, or that the air is moving past and around the machine with sufiicient velocity to support the machine, acting on the wedge principle, as wind supports a kite.

To assist in guiding the machine to any point of the compass,I have provided two rudders, T and U, which are hung to the frame of the sail by means of hangers T and U. Each rudder is hung at the center of its area by a pivot, m, on which it mayturn somewhat out of the aerial line of the machine, or it may turn from a vertical to a horizontal posi tion. Each rudder is slotted from one edge to its center to pass its hanger in rocking, and each rudder is provided at'its inner end with a square stud, r, in the line of its axis. This stud is adapted to engage any one of a series of notches in the upper side of a crossbar, a, and it is squared in order that it may be .held by said cross-bar from revolving. These crossbars are secured to posts a, which depend from the sail-frame. If while in a vertical position the inner ends of the rudders be both set to the right, they will be tangent to a circle lying to the left, and if there is no other resistance they will turn the machine to the left to travel in the said circle. If. there be a side wind, the rudders may beset just enough on a curve to overcome the leeway and maintain the machine on the desired course. If it be desired to hold the bow up to the wind, the forward rudder may be turned intoa horizontal position,so as not to be acted on by the wind, while the rearrudder may be set at the angle required to turn the machine more or less, or, if it be desired to fall away from the wind,the forward rudder may be set vertical and the rear one turned horizontal. A spring, 1), is connected with a block, g, which is fitted to slide on the under side of the cross-bar and is attached to the stud 1-, whereby the stud, being first swung over any notch,will enter and be held by the spring, while the spring permits the stud to be raised out of the notches by the application of a little force. The block'q'is not a positive necessity, as the spring would operate if hooked to slide directly under the crossbar; but the block, serving as a shoe to the spring, is more mechanical.

t represents a box or chest for carrying provisions or anything else required. This should be located back of the center of the machine; in fact, the load should be so carried as to hold the rear end of the sail downward,in order that it may always have a rising incline.

The wings E may be made of a series of ribs, E, covered with canvas on the propelling side. The shape of these wings, the proportion of their length and width, the amount of the inclination or spiral twist, &c., may all be arranged as experience and circumstances shall dictate. The forward and side edges of the sail turn upward alittle; but the rear edge is flat. propeller, as shown in Fig. 9.

In operation, a smooth piece of ground being selected, the machine should be faced to the wind, if there be any, and the rider should incline the sail upward and begin re volving the propeller. Its action against the air will first propel the machine on its wheels on the ground, and as soon as the velocity causes sufficient pressure against the under side of the sail to overcome gravity the ma chine will quickly rise in the air. Now it is a matter of practice to learn just how to cant the sail and to turn the rudders under varying circumstances to guide the machine in any desired direction to fly high or low or to land at pleasure.

\Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an aerial navigator, the combination, with the framing, of the rudder pivotallysupported between its ends, and a detent located at one end of the rudder,wherebysuch rudder may be held at any suitable angle and the pivot thereof may be braced, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of the frame A, provided with vertical slots in its upper portion, the sail L, consisting'of the cloth 0, attached beneath a frame consisting of crossed slats d and ahoop, e, and provided with two crossing bars, Z,-adapted to fit through the aforesaid slots,

substantially as shown and described.

It may be necessary to use a double IOO 3. The combination, in the sail-frame, of

the crossed slats d, the hoop e, secured around them, the queen-posts f, rising from the frame, the tie-cords connecting the tops of the posts, the brace-cords connecting the tops of the posts With the sail-frame, the depending posts i, braces j, and ties is, substantially as shown and described.

4. The combination of the frame A, pro vided with the slotted post M, the sail L, provided with crossing bars Z, adapted to engage the said slots in post M, the winch O, journaled transversely to the frame A, the winch I journaled longitudinally therewith, the disks Q Q, notched in their edges, the spring-pawls R It, attached to the winch-cranks and adapted to engage the said disks, and the brace-lines N, attached at one end of each to the sail-frame and passing around the winches, substantially as shown and described.

5. The combination of the frame A, the sail L, attached thereto,the hangers T and U,depending from the sail-frame, the rudders T and U, centrally pivoted to the said hangers, and means for setting the rudders, substantially as shown and described.

6. The combination of the frame A, the sail L, attached thereto, the hangers T and U, depending from the sail-frame, and the rudders T and U, centrally pivoted to the said hangers and slotted from one edge to the center, subsfantially as shown and described.

support for the rider, a sail, and a flat blade like rudder pivotally supported, the axis of said pivot being in line with the direction of motion of the machine, substantially as set forth.

10. The combination of the frame, the sail connected therewith by a universal joint, winches journaled in the frame, and cords passed one around each'winch and secured at their ends to the sail, the ends of one cord being secured in front and rear and the other on opposite sides of the joint of the sail with the frame, substantially as set forth.

RINGERT JONGEWAARD.

Witnesses:

F. LE Coco, J r.,

GEO. E. CULVER.

Q 9. The combination of the frame having a 

